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A Short Essay On Topic Global Warming
Monday, August 24, 2020
Situated Learning and Social Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Arranged Learning and Social Learning - Essay Example He understands that learning is progressively powerful when done in a gathering, particularly when the student gets hand-on understanding. In the study hall, the understudy is made to learn unique things which he may not identify with reality. . The understudy is given cool, unacceptable realities bundled in gleaming books, delightful homerooms and logical standards. The outcome is, the understudy no longer appreciates the verse he peruses nor does any esteem taking in occur from different classes he joins in, with the exception of dry language and clichs. Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger, in their book, Arranged Learning : Legitimate Peripheral Participation, put forth a solid defense for Situated learning with its accentuation on the logical setting and .social connection. While individuals learn things effectively and quicker under the states of authentic fringe cooperation (LPP), it has some significant downsides, for example, the model applying inconspicuous impact on the students, so they adapt socially inadmissible conduct like hostility . As indicated by Lave and Wenger. Genuine fringe interest (LPP) happens when the student starts to move from the outskirts of the network to its inside. Social communication is of vital significance in arranged learning, with students getting engaged with network practice. Arranged picking up, as per the creators, is for the most part unexpected, instead of purposeful learning. We see instances of arranged learning on account of pre-schoolers, who figure out how to present nursery rhymes or recount stories, seeing their companions do likewise .Situated learning happens when a guest to a nation learns its language totally by interfacing with the nearby individuals. Arranged learning has different advocates, for example, Brown, Collins and Duguid (1989) who propose the possibility of subjective apprenticeship. As indicated by Schoenfeld, scientific critical thinking is likewise a type of arranged learning. As all arithmetic educators know, when the understudies are urged to consider science is regular day to day existence setting, they learn better and the numerical issues are comprehended quicker. Kids appear to comprehend science better when they relate it to genuine circumstances and tackle it in a group.(Schoenfeld) A prerequisite of arranged learning is that information ought to be introduced in circumstances where the information would apply. For example, in an exercise on contact in material science, the student would comprehend the idea better when the person in question is made to encounter the grating between a nut and screw when they are not oiled, and when they are oiled. An understudy medical caretaker would figure out how to lift the patient better by doing it in the clinic than by finding out about it in the study hall. Correspondingly, a disciple technician figures out how to fix your vehicle by hands on experience A guest in France would rapidly learn French just as the run of the mill motions of the French individuals. Arranged learning happens when a youngster learns its primary language without any problem. A similar kid thinks that its hard to get familiar with an unknown dialect at school . As per William P. Hanks, arranged learning takes as its center the connection among learning and the social circumstance in which it
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Threats To Our Ocean Fisheries Essays - Fisheries,
Dangers To Our Ocean Fisheries Dangers to Our Ocean Fisheries The vast majority know about the issues of the blue whale, endeavors to spare imperiled ocean turtles, and the numerous awful stories of dolphins kicking the bucket in fish nets. Numerous individuals don't understand the outrageous risk that fish and numerous other fish face. There is a disturbing decrease in fish populaces, and this represents a perilous danger to life in the sea. In the event that fish decay, so does the ocean, into and flimsy condition. Preservation measures, and open help for them are seriously required. For quite a long time man has removed fish from the ocean, appearing to accept that there is an interminable flexibly, and that this gracefully can't be decimated. We remove these fish from the ocean quicker than they can be supplanted. As indicated by National Marine Fisheries administrations, 90 fish species found off the shores of the U. S. have been exhausted. A lot more are in peril off being slaughtered off. Fish what's more, shell fish that are at peril include: cod, struggle, swordfish, bluefin fish, blue marlin, Atlantic lobster, red snapper, salmon and a few types of shark. These are only a couple and the list gets longer consistently. The main issue of the fish numbers being at an unsurpassed low, is over angling. However another ecological issue brought about by mankind. Present day, mechanically progressed angling armadas have the ability to push most fish populaces to the verge of eradication. Present day angling armadas have huge processing plant steam trawlers that can undoubtedly pull in net heaps of up to 100 measurement huge amounts of fish. These vessels can work angling justification for a long time at once. Reverberation sounding has been valuable to angler by finding and deciding the species and size of fish shores. Planes and helicopters are even used to distinguish the surface fish. A few species, for example, squid are pulled in with solid lights and afterward sucked into the boat with incredible vacuum siphons. Due to these improved innovations more fish can be collected, yet around one-fourth of the worldwide catch, ( more than 20 million tons of fish and other marine creatures) are disposed of yearly by angler. A portion of these armadas discard more fish than they keep. This waste is an issue in pretty much every fishery. The danger of over angling is expanded be the danger of huge scope changes to marine environments. Most salt water fish invest the vast majority of their energy close to waterfront regions, yet the issue is that these beach front waters are being ambushed by contamination and improvement. Without sound, working beach front frameworks, fish can't develop or repeat, they just can't and won't endure. There are various advances that can be taken so as to ration our waters and the fish in them. One major thing we can do is take action against the organizations and the individuals that are hurting the earth. We could have harsher disciplines for those carrying out wrongdoings against our seas, and the sea natural life. Something else that could eliminate over angling is to fine organizations that over fish a huge sums and utilize that cash to return to our waters. On the off chance that something isn't done about the issues of over angling and water contamination, lasting changes will happen in the sea natural way of life. The predator-prey connections of the sea will stop to exist. These connections, which took a great many years to advance, will be pulverized. The draining fish populaces will change and harm the hereditary and species assorted variety of the sea world. On the off chance that we could comprehend the importance of balance, maybe over angling would not be an issue that our condition would need to persevere. Book index none availible Ecological Issues
Friday, July 24, 2020
Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 26th, 2017
Book Riots Deals of the Day for July 26th, 2017 We have a $100 to spend at Half Price Books to give away! Go here to enter or just click the image below: Todays Featured Deals A Little Life by Hanya Yangihara for $3.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: The Association of Small Bombs by Karan Mahajan for $3.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deal: Horrorstor by Grady Hendrix for $1.99. Get it here or just click the cover image below: Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. The Small Backs of Children by Lydia Luknavitch for $1.99. I Thought It Was Just Me (But It Isnt) by Brene Brown for $1.99. The Forty Rules of Love by Elif Shafak for $1.99. Surfacing by Margaret Atwood for $1.99. Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie for $2.99. 10% Happier by Dan Harris for $1.99. Kindred by Octavia Butler for $1.99. The Fifth Season by N.K. Jemisin for $2.99. How to Start a Fire by Lisa Lutz for $2.99. The Passage by Justin Cronin for $1.99. Night Film by Marisha Pessl for $1.99. Shogun by James Clavell for $1.99. The Notorious RGB for $1.99. The Valley of Amazement by Amy Tan for $1.99. The Girl with All the Gifts by M.R. Carey for $1.99. Graceling by Kristin Cashore for $1.99. The Rules of Civility by Amor Towles for $3.99. Ayiti by Roxane Gay for $1.99 Dawn by Octavia E. Butler for $1.99. The Looking Glass War by John Le Carre for $1.99. The Complete Stories by Clarice Lispector for $1.99. Too Like the Lightning by Ada Palmer for $2.99. Mothers Sons by Colm Toibin for $1.99. The Birthday of the World and Other Stories by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99. Galileos Daughter by Dava Sobel for $1.99. Brown Girl, Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson for $1.99. An Edible History of Humanity by Tom Standage for $1.99. Tell the Wolves Im Home by Carol Rifka Brunt for $1.99. Zen in the Art of Writing by Ray Bradbury for $1.99. After Henry by Joan Didion for $1.13. The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller for $1.99. The Toughest Indian in the World by Sherman Alexie for $1.99. The Last Samurai by Helen DeWitt for $1.99. The Last Policeman by Ben H. Winters for $1.99. Notes of a Native Son by James Baldwin for $1.99. Labyrinths by Jose Luis Borges for $1.99. All the Birds in the Sky by Charlie Jane Anders for $2.99. A Study in Scarlet Women by Sherry Thomas for $1.99.. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Sáenz for $2.99. We, The Drowned by Carsten Jenson for $2.99 Big Fish by Daniel Wallace for $1.99. The Terracotta Bride by Zen Cho for $1.40. The Geek Feminist Revolution by Kameron Hurley for $2.99. The Girl at Midnight by Melissa Grey for $1.99. Cloudsplitter by Russell Banks for $1.99. Queenpin by Megan Abbott for $0.99. The Good Lord Bird by James McBride for $4.99. The Comet Seekers by Helen Sedgwick for $2.99 Frog Music by Emma Donoghue for $1.99 Bitch Planet, Vol 1 for $3.99. Monstress, Vol 1 by Liu Takeda for $3.99 Paper Girls, Vol 1. by Vaughn, Chiang, Wilson for $3.99. Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova for $1.99 The Wicked + The Divine Volume 1 for $3.99 The Inheritance Trilogy by N.K. Jemisin for $9.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Operations Management - Dabur at a Glance - 2845 Words
Submitted by: Group 9 Shobhit Agrawal Soham Badheka Ankit Mundhra Jitendra Sachdev Prashant Singh Anusha Venkateswaran F006 F010 F035 F045 F054 F058 Operations Management: Dabur at a Glance Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence. Vince Lombar About Dabur Dabur India Limited is the fourth largest FMCG Company in India with Revenues of over US$1 Billion (Rs 5,283 Crore) and Market Capitalization of US$4 Billion (Rs 20,000 Crore). Building on a legacy of quality and experience of over 127 years, Dabur is today Indiaââ¬â¢s most trusted name and the worldââ¬â¢s largest Ayurvedic and Natural Health Care Company. Dabur today operates in key consumer products categories like Hair Care, Oral Care, Health Care,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Dabur today has manufacturing plants in 12 locations, Baddi (Himachal Pradesh), Pantnagar (Uttaranchal), Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh), Jammu, Silvassa, Nasik, Alwar, Katni, Narendrapur, Pithampur, Newai (Rajasthan) and Siliguri (West Bengal). During 2011-12 the company added a Honey plant in Baddi. Another unit has been established in Baddi and commissioned in March 2012 to manufacture Chyawanprash, Toothpaste, Glucose and Odonil. A Greenfield manufacturing facility is being set up near Dhaka to suppleme nt the capacity and meet future requirements. Dabur is setting up a fruit juice facility in Sri Lanka as an export oriented unit. This facility will be utilized for meeting requirements of the Indian market as well as local sales in Sri Lanka. Dabur has received the OHSAS 18001 and ISO 14001 certification for its units in Baddi, besides plants in Jammu, Newai and Alwar. This certification has been done by the external accreditation body TUV NORD. This standard is the foundation of overall health, safety and environment framework of Dabur. With this, eight of its manufacturing units have now been certified under this standard. Various energy conservation techniques have been initiated and successfully implemented across all manufacturing units. Initiatives were also taken towards new product and pack introductions, improve safety awareness and quality improvement. Several existing units were upgraded and manufacturing capacity added forShow MoreRelatedOperations Management - Dabur at a Glance2836 Words à |à 12 PagesAnusha Venkateswaran F006 F010 F035 F045 F054 F058 Operations Management: Dabur at a Glance Perfection is not attainable, but if we chase perfection we can catch excellence. Vince Lombar About Dabur Dabur India Limited is the fourth largest FMCG Company in India with Revenues of over US$1 Billion (Rs 5,283 Crore) and Market Capitalization of US$4 Billion (Rs 20,000 Crore). Building on a legacy of quality and experience of over 127 years, Dabur is today Indiaââ¬â¢s most trusted name and the worldââ¬â¢sRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Dabur Vatika Hair Oil and Dabur Chyawanprash15871 Words à |à 64 Pages1. INTRODUCTION [pic] Dabur India Limited is a leading Indian consumer goods company with interests in Hair Care, Oral Care, Health Care, Skin Care, Home Care and Foods. From its humble beginnings in the bylanes of Calcutta way back in 1884 as an Ayurvedic medicines company, Dabur India Ltd has come a long way today to become a leading consumer products manufacturer in India. For the past 125 years, we have been dedicated to providing nature-based solutions for a healthyRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words à |à 386 Pagescontext that involves a growing level of complexity. The remaining reasons reflect internal pressures that inhibit brand building. The fifth reason, the temptation to change a sound brand strategy, is particularly insidious because it is the management equivalent of shooting yourself in the foot. The sixth and seventh reasons, the organizational bias against innovation and the pressure to invest elsewhere, are special problems facing strong brands. They can be caused by arrogance but are more
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Challenging The Legal Drinking Age - 1689 Words
Mackenzie Schultz Mrs. Hamilton AP English Language 25 July 2014 Challenging the Legal Drinking Age The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) has been challenged since the passing of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 that raised the drinking age to twenty-one in all fifty states (Ogilvie). Advocates for lowering the MLDA to eighteen years of age argue that this change will eliminate the thrill of breaking the law for young adults entering college and boost the national economy. Supporters continue to ask legislature what the true meaning of ââ¬Å"adulthoodâ⬠is if an eighteen year old can serve in the armed forces and vote, but cannot drink alcohol (Lowering the Legal Drinking Age: An Analysis of the Pros and Cons). Those against the alteration, a majority of Americans, argue that twenty-one year olds are medically mature and more responsible, therefore reducing the amount of fatal traffic accidents (Minimum Legal Drinking Age). Lowering the legal drinking age would eliminate the ââ¬Å"forbidden fruitâ⬠theory, in which teenage rs are more compelled to engage in underage drinking because of the thrill that arises when breaking the law (Lowering the Legal Drinking Age: An Analysis of the Pros and Cons). Accompanying this thrill is also the fear of getting caught underage drinking. This fear is a reason for teens to hide that they have been drinking, pressuring them to drive home under the influence, and makes them fearful to seek medical attention when alcohol related injuriesShow MoreRelated Alcohol and Drinking - Challenging the Legal Drinking Age Essay1260 Words à |à 6 PagesChallenging the Legal Drinking Age à à à à à à Do the current laws involving the age at which adults can start drinking really make sense? There are many reasons why the government changed the legal drinking age to 21, but has this actually caused a decrease in the amount of alcohol consumed by persons between 18 and 21? Alcohol related crime and traffic accidents have gone down in recent years, but the source of this drop may not simply have to do with raising the drinking age, as the governmentRead MoreThe Debate Over A Proper Legal Drinking Age1243 Words à |à 5 Pagesover a proper legal drinking age has been ongoing for decades. Some people believe twenty-one is the right age for legally consuming alcohol, while others believe twenty-one is too old. There are many supporters of an age limit of eighteen on alcohol consumption, but it has not been enough to sway Congress away from their set age of twenty-one. One major advocate for the age of twenty-one is the organization MADD, or ââ¬Å"Mothers A gainst Drunk Drivingâ⬠. This organization supports the age of twenty-oneRead MoreThe Problem Of Driving Under The United States1332 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe nations most committed crime up to date, back in the 80ââ¬â¢s people started supporting ways to fight drinking and driving, and were willing to give up some ââ¬Å"freedomâ⬠to have stricter legal deeds. The people took this movement into a legislative sector. Somewhere between the 1981 and 1987 about 934 laws were passed by state legislatures having to do with the drinking and driving epidemic. Legal measures concentrate on preventing these drunk drivers by enforcing stricter laws and finding ways theyRead MoreTeen Alcoholism Is Driven By Example1150 Words à |à 5 Pagesdriven by example. a teen sees someone else drinking, for whatever reason, and they imitate them to either save he or sheââ¬â¢s pride and be ââ¬Å"coolâ⬠or use is as e remedy to try to feel better about a situation they are in or to num b an unpleasant emotion they do not know how to deal with. affects the physical state of a young person, but also oneââ¬â¢s current situations and relationships, and the outcome of he or sheââ¬â¢s futures. ââ¬Å"People who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to developRead MoreEssay on Drunk Driving as a Social Issue1693 Words à |à 7 Pagesfrequently committed violent crime, and in the 1980ââ¬â¢s the public supported a wider range of non-criminal countermeasures, as well as stricter legal measures, to govern DUIââ¬â¢s. This movement against drunk driving was well reflected in the legislative arena. Between 1981 and 1987 some 934 new laws dealing with drunk driving were passed by state legislatures. Legal measures focus on deterring drunken drivers by providing stricter laws and punishment. Non-criminal countermeasures are concerned with reformRead MoreHow The Cage Can Be Treated For Adults And Adolescents Over The Age Of 16 ( Aertgeerts )874 Words à |à 4 Pages This screening apparatus is simply administered and scored and can often times be committed to memory. The CAGE can be used in general medical populations in a primary care setting and be adm inistered at no cost to adults and adolescents over the age of 16 (Aertgeerts, et al., 2004). It has been distinguished that the CAGE takes less than one minute to manage and score. However, it does not screen for drug-related difficulties (Aertgeerts, et al., 2004). The CAGE has been used inRead MoreKeeping A Diary Doubles Diet Weight Loss980 Words à |à 4 Pagesopposite sex appear more attractive may have been affected by a number of factors, which make the conclusion invalid. First, allocation of participants to either placebo or the alcohol-taking group was not randomly done. There are possibilities of age difference could have affected the results obtained: a scenario described as selection-maturation interaction. The control group could have realized they were being lied to ; thus, resulting in a resentful demoralization. The sample could also be awareRead MoreComing Of Age Essay857 Words à |à 4 Pagesolder and turns into a young adult is often referred as ââ¬Å"Coming Of Age.â⬠Although, coming of age is an important twist in other peopleââ¬â¢s life where they tend to run into challenging courses into becoming better adults. This essay will talk more about what a person have to go through while they are coming of age which include challenges, choices and responsibility. First, going through challenges. When a person is coming of age, theyââ¬â¢ll have to face challenges once they process into an adult. ChallengesRead MorePros And Cons Of Lowering The Drinking Age1822 Words à |à 8 PagesAlthough not always the case, the legal drinking age in the United States is 21 years old. However, the minimum legal drinking age drastically varies across the rest of the globe, with some countries allowing legal alcohol consumption before individuals have even turned 18 years old. Since the legal drinking age was changed to 21 years, it has been a controversial issue in the United States. For decades, there have been debates on the pros and cons of lowering the legal age. In fact, there have even beenRead MoreThe Diagnosis Of Addiction Clients1576 Words à |à 7 PagesGolden Age: 38 Date of Examination: August 18, 2015 Ethnicity: Caucasian Gender: Male Presenting Problem: Mr. Thomas is a married 38 year old Caucasian suffering from Alcohol Use Disorder. Although married, he and his wife constantly argues about his drinking, and she has even stopped sleeping with him when he drinks. He was recently arrested for drinking and driving (DUI/DWI), and was advised by his attorney to quit drinking and
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Overcoming Adversity Free Essays
Overcoming adversity means overcoming a hard time or circumstance and moving forward in a positive way. The novel, Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey was written by Deborah Ellis and published in 2002 and the film, Rabbit Proof Fence was directed by Phillip Noyce and released in 2002. Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey is fiction yet based in reality and itââ¬â¢s about a young Afghani girl who walks across war torn Afghanistan searching for her family. We will write a custom essay sample on Overcoming Adversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rabbit Proof Fence is non-fiction and itââ¬â¢s about three young half caste girls who escaped from a settlement camp and walk over 2000km to go back to their home. In both texts, children face many adversities but they overcome adversities through determination and the sheer will to survive to meet their family. Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey, is set at war time in Afghanistan where a group of children wander through the country trying to survive the horror of their situation and they overcome huge difficulties to reach the end of their journey. The war in Afghanistan is between Taliban and U. S. A and this war affects civilians and children . Afghan people live with the fear of death and there is not enough food and other necessaries that they need. Children canââ¬â¢t go to school during the war so they canââ¬â¢t be educated and the Taliban is constantly on the search for boys to make them fight for the Taliban. Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey focuses on the protagonist, and her search for her family. In her quest for shelter and food as she makes her way across the Afghan countryside, she meets other children who are displaced due to war. Parvana continues her trip with three others; Asif Hassan and Leila. Parvana is very clever but still a child. Asif is a legless boy, he is very cruel to Parvana because he doesnââ¬â¢t know how to treat a girl. Leila is a naive girl Parvana comes across who scavenges food from a mine field. In this story, the children face lots of adversities during their journey. In the novel, Parvana faces many difficult situations; she is almost sold to the Taliban(P. 20 ââ¬Å"I heard the old men talking. They are going to turn you over to the Talibanâ⬠), they also struggle to find food to eat (P. 156 she bit into the page, tearing a chunk off with her teeth) and water to drink. (P. 152 the water was muddy, but that didnââ¬â¢t matter) Furthermore, there is always the possibility of being hit by a bomb. P. 167 he planes were bombing in the daytime now, as well as at night) Rabbit Proof Fence is an Australian film about a young half caste girl who leads her younger sister and cousin in an escape from a settlement camp which endeavours to train them as domestic workers and educate them. They walk over 2000km to go back to their home. They canââ¬â¢t speak their own language in the settlement camp . They also struggle to find food to eat and water to drink. Furthermore, there is always the possibility of being caught by tracker. These girls are part of the Stolen Generations. The Stolen Generation is a dark part of Australian history. Half caste children, (most under the age of 18) were taken from their families because the government believed that the children would be better if raised by white families. Because of this policy, aborigines lost their culture, language, spirituality and self- esteem. In this film, there are three aboriginal protagonists, Molly, Daisy and Gracie. Molly is a mature girl who is very clever and has the leadership skills to lead her sister and cousin. Graice is a naive girl, she believes other people very easily and doesnââ¬â¢t want to do difficult tasks. Daisy is just a young girl and does whatever Molly says. You havenââ¬â¢t developed your ideas ââ¬â what adversities do they face? What are the difficulties? Use quotes Bo, check your notes Both texts are about overcoming adversity but quite different in their subject matter, time and place. There are some similarities between Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey and Rabbit Proof Fence. In both stories, children determined to survive to see their family. In Rabbit Proof Fence, an adult tricks Daisy and she gets caught by the police In Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey, an adult tries to sell Parvana to the Taliban to get money. Both storiesââ¬â¢ protagonists have no food, water and nowhere to sleep during the journey. Some differences between the texts are, In Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey the children are threatened by bombs; however, , in Rabbit Proof Fence the children are threatened by capture by police. Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey is fictitious but based on reality. Rabbit Proof Fence is a true story. Both stories happened in different time and place. In the film, Rabbit Proof Fence, the children choose to run away from the settlement camp but in Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey the children have no choice. In conclusion, the main characters in both Rabbit Proof Fence and Parvanaââ¬â¢s Journey face lots of adversities however they donââ¬â¢t give up, they overcome the adversities and achieve their goals. Facing adversity might be initially difficult but when people overcome them, they are ofent stronger than previously. If you know yourself and your enemy, you win hundred battles out of 100 a hundred. How to cite Overcoming Adversity, Papers
Monday, April 27, 2020
Rice And Genetic Engineering Essays (1860 words) - Rice,
Rice And Genetic Engineering Rice is the main food for about one-third to one-half of the world's population. A mature rice plant is usually two to six feet tall. In the beginning, one shoot appears. It is followed by one, two, or more offshoots developing. There are at least five or six hollow joints for each stalk, and a leaf for each joint. The leaf of the rice plant is long, pointed, flat, and stiff. The highest join of the rice plant is called the panicle. The rice grains develop from the panicles. (Jodon, 300) Rice is classified in the grass family Gramineae. Its genus is Oryza and species O. sativa. It is commonly cultivated for food in Asia. Some varieties of rice include red rice, glutinous rice, and wild rice. (Jodon, 303) The kernel within the grain contains most of the vitamins and minerals (298). The kernel contains thiamine, niacin, and riboflavin (299). Rice has many enemies that destroy a majority of the rice crops. The larvae of moth, stem borers, live in the stems of the rice plants. Some insects suck the plant juices or chew the leaves. Birds, such as bobolink, Java sparrow, or paddybird, would eat the seeds or grains. Disease causing factors such as fungi, roundworms, viruses, and bacteria also destroy the rice plants. Blast disease is caused by fungi which causes the panicles containing the grains to break. (Jodon, 300) There are various types of rice grown all over the world. A majority of rice grown is cultivated rice. When rice is grown with water standing on the fields, it is called lowland, wet, or irrigated rice. Rice plants grown in certain parts of Asia, South America, and Africa are called upland, hill, or dry rice because they are raised on elevated lands that cannot be flooded, but with plentiful rainfall. Wild rice is grown along lake shores of Canada and the Great Lakes. It is usually eaten by people in India. Scented rice is the most expensive because is has long grains and tastes like popcorn when cooked. Glutinous rice is waxy rice consumed by Asians. It is cooked to a sticky paste and is used for cakes and confections. (Jodon, 299) Rice was thought to have originated in southeast Asia when Alexander the Great invaded India in 326 B. C(Jodon, 303). Further research revealed that rice was cultivated around or at the Yangtze River in China, around 4000 to 11,500 years ago. One archaeologist, Toyama, surveyed data on 125 samples of rice grains, plant remains, husks, and other factors from numerous sites along the length of the Yangtze River. He reported that the oldest samples. . . are clustered along the middle Yangtze in Hubei and Hunan provinces. Samples from the upper and lower portions of the Yangtze River were found to be younger, around 4,000 to 10,000 years old. This pattern. . .suggests that rice cultivation originated in the middle Yangtze and spread from there. Archaeologists see more than a decade of excavation of the Yangtze River and nearby sites to confirm that the Yangtze River is where rice was first cultivated. (Normille, 309) The Greeks learned of rice when Alexander the Great invaded India around 326 B. C. Spain was introduced to rice when it was conquered by the Moors during the 700's A.D. Spain then introduced rice to Italy, around the 1400's. The Spanish also introduced rice to the West Indies and South America, around the 1600's. Rice was introduced to the United States when a Madagascar ship docked in the Charleston, South Carolina harbor. The ship captain presented the governor with a sack of seed rice. It was then grown in states south of the Ohio River and east of Mississippi. (Jodon, 303) Rice is usually grown in lowland fields divided by dirt walls (Jodon, 300) A majority of the rice crops are grown with water standing on the fields (Jodon, 299). On level land, these paddies and dirt walls are built in wavy or straight lines. On hill-like land, they follow the slopes and form paddies that rise like steps. The dirt walls are used to hold in water for the fields. (300) Cultivation of the rice plant requires controlling the water supply
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